Starbucks's finacial analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Starbuckss finacial analysis - Essay ExampleThe approach of impartiality is calculated by the rule Ce = Rf + (Em-Rf)*b, whereThe represent of debt of Starbucks is very low as the guild has the vision to attain minimum debt. The amount of debt raised by Starbucks is very low. Due to the tax shield, the cost of debt of Starbucks is very low. The tax rate of Starbucks is 32.8%.The cost of equity and the cost of debt of Starbucks are multiplied several(prenominal)ly to the respective proportions of the debt and equity. The weighted cost of debt and weighted cost of equity are added to find the weighted average cost of bully (Yahoo finance, 2013). The weighted average cost of capital of Starbucks is 11.14%.The payment before interest and taxes of Starbucks are some 15.7% of the total revenue in 2012. The earnings before interest and tax are the net earnings after operation before interest and taxes are paid (Baker andPowell, 2009). The increase in EBIT over the croak three year s is depicted in the table given below.The FCF for Starbucks has been calculated below with the help of formula sack Earnings before paying interest and tax * (1- tax rate) + Amortization and Depreciation Net change in working capital Capital Expenditure.The depreciation and amortization expense of the company consists of the expenses pen off by the loss of valuation of its assets due to usage and part of the expenses due to repayment of the loans consisting of head teacher and interest payments. The depreciation and amortization of the company has increased by 5.56% from 2011 to 2012.The working capital of Starbucks is determined as the net of the current assets after meeting the current liabilities of the company to run its daily operations. The working capital of Starbucks has changed over the years which could be indicated by the trend of change in working capital over the years (Khan, 2004).The compounded annual growth rate

What is the Relationship between Women's Cinema and National Identity Research Paper

What is the Relationship betwixt Womens Cinema and National Identity - Research Paper ExampleAlthough films were made by women very azoic on, the incorporation of feminism and its study was introduced much later. The study of women in cinema is lots segregated into twain categories. These are the study of films made by women, generally and films with feminist objectives that focus mainly on the problems if women, portrayed in cinematic form. Since the 1960s feminist films have maintained a certain commercial, yet artistry house production style of movie making. composition the aforementioned films reflect many female ideologies, they lock in try to be seen as mainstream cinema. Talking about general films made by women, they are often distinguished from each other according to the presentation of the film as a whole. This varies according to the lookout of the director of the film. Another distinguishing factor is the culture portrayed in the film and the aspect of life intr oduced in the storyline.A national identity is a form of cultural identification given to the people of a country. In the world, ethnic and religious segregation occurs after the national identity of a person. While ethnicity and religious diversity form the bulk of national trademarks, the question of minority still gives people the take in of the doubt. National identity is a judicial matter with complex authoritative aspects, but sociologically it is the split upicularity from foreigners and its effect on a national and international society. Language is a crucial and integral part of national identity, as most countries have their own local dialects understood by the natives.

The Daily Mail is considered by many to be problematic. What is the Essay

The mundane turn on is considered by many to be problematic. What is the problem with the Daily Mail and why is it like this - Essay ExampleIt implies that around stories written and read in the news concern of readers in manners that the public does not understand. The media then attracts praise or at times criticism for having influence on reporting issues that have a great influence on the public (Duffy & Rowden 2006, p. 3).The public cannot ignore or overlook the influence of the media has on informing it considering how far apart people live. Everyone should all acknowledge the role of the media in conveying selective information to readers, globally. A matter of concern ab turn up the media relates to the manner in which media frame news articles. A character of the UK population of readers is of the opinion that newspapers are turning proactive through their involvement in finding out issues matters that concern the public. Current trends in the UK are examples of dishon est journalism as practiced by famous media such as the Daily Mail. This work outlines the influence of newspapers in the way they respond to national topics and issues of concern. It provides a detailed analysis of apparent concerns such as biased reporting by UKs media, The Daily Mail. There are considerations that The Daily Mail is the most popular newspaper in the UK with about 4.6 trillion daily readers in the country (Burnel 2012, p. 1). The paper also runs one of the most popular sites in the innovation (Dacre 2013, p. 4). While it is justified to uphold honest reporting through its publications, The Daily Mail newspaper has a record of biased reporting cases that undermine its popularity and credibility as a source of news.The Daily Mail newspaper is among the most popular newspaper and perhaps the most influential in terms of compulsive public opinion. For most of its fans, the Daily Mail is a tool for expressing the old British cultural beliefs as well as a platform fo r expression of political correctness. The Daily Mail

Principles and practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles and practice - Assignment ExampleThus trends in external environment can have a major on consumer choice and preferences and therefore, it is important for marketers to be aware of such trends. Underlying trends are relatively slow moving changes in the marketplace that whitethorn occur for a number of reasons. A successful marketers needs to keep track of these changes and respond accordingly. The character of the trends is possible to differ sometimes they are consumer led and sometimes business led. However, businesses must realize that in order to gain a competitive edge and better satisfy the guests, these trends are needed to be taken into account. Macro factors are those that have an indirect impact on the business, similarly known as PESTEL. It includes factors that create opportunities and threats to business and is categorized as the far environment. These include variables such as political, environmental, socio-cultural, technological, economic and legal. W ith consider to marketers of decoratives products, these factors play a crucial role and can have a momentous impact on the exertion structure. Political factors consist of laws, government agencies and pressure groups that influence and limit various organization action plans. For instance, legislation affecting cosmetics business has increased worldwide. Also, various laws exist that protects companies, consumers and interest of the society at large. And closely importantly there is an increased emphasis from government, on socially responsible behavior. Concerning political factors from cosmetic industrys point of view, unstable political conditions of the relevant regions can be troublesome for the business with see to imports and exports. Moreover, an increase or decrease in tax rates can also impact the advantageousness of the business favorably or unfavorably. Environmental factors mainly include the surroundings, weather and mode change. With major climate change oc curring due to global warming and with greater environmental awareness, this external is becoming a significant issue to consider. It is particularly important to cosmetic firms as the industry involves many input material that whitethorn bring damage to the environment. Also products are susceptible to climate changes, and thus need thorough analysis. Concerning environmental factors, firm can create value and better satisfy customers by adopting environmental friendly approach. This would serve well firm avoid legal costs and increase its goodwill. Moreover, use of natural ingredients, preferred by the consumers also adds value. Change in social trends can impact the demand for a firms products. age people, income groups, lifestyle and social class highly affect cosmetic demand. Thus, social factors affect the customer needs and size of potential market. With changing fashion trends, increased awareness and better life styles, demand for cosmetics is likely to increase. For ins tance, an increased awareness amongst men may lead to an altogether new cosmetic line. Similarly, aging population is likely to increase demand for anti-aging cosmetics. New technology creates new products and knead. It tends to impact both the business process and the final offering. With the advent of internet for instance, the distribution channels have become virtual with cost efficiencies for cosmetic industry. Other innovations include bar coding and computer aided design that enables companies to keep track of its customer preference and offer innovative designs, respectively. Technology, thus can

Development and Diversification of Living Organisms Assignment

Development and Diversification of Living Organisms - Assignment mannequinThe complete set of genes within a living organisms cell is called genotype. On the other(a) hand, the complete set of physical characteristics that make up the structure of an organism is called phenotype. The limitations of these factors allow inhibit the training process, which of course dissolvents differ from one species to another because of the differences in characteristics that are inherited and environmental influences. This variation is besides the result of a process called mutation, which is caused by radiation, viruses, and errors during DNA replication. Genes that arise by mutation and found at the same place on a chromosome is known as an allele. Thus, it can be said that exploitation is the result of two opposing forces. According to Hardy-Weinbergs Theory, the genotype and allele frequencies of a population will often remain in counterbalance, unless disturbing influences, such as muta tion, is present. The equilibrium state is only assertable when the genotype and allele frequencies do not change. This happens when a population has a large size, which prevents the occurrence of hereditary drift, bottlenecks and founder effects. The equilibrium state also occurs when there is no mutation, as explained earlier and that random uniting takes place, which is explained below.However, this is hardly the case. In other words, if the equilibrium state is violated by factors such as those mentioned above, consequently evolution will take place. The genotype and allele frequencies are influenced by environmental and cultural events. A given genotype frequency can occur with random mating in a star generation as this causes the evolution of a given species, which in turn produces a new equilibrium within that one generation. For instance, continuous random mating of a black-haired population will result in homozygotes. Such violations include inbreeding, assortative mat ing, and small population size. On the other hand, a change in allele frequency can occur when selection, mutation, and migration happen.

Sustaining engagement in adolescents before disengagements Essay

Sustaining work in adolescents before disengagements - Essay ExamplePlans that best interest them. Identify their areas if interest- what are their hobbies, talents, dreams, aspirations, as substantially as ideas of how best to help them. Establish effective communication by incorporating modern technology. The communication lane should not only he seen as formal and vertical but also open and horizontal. Be honest, interactive as much as possible and open to new ideas. Invite feedback, suggestions as salubrious as input into programs. . custom of modern technology not only helps in bridging the age faulting but also creates an intimate bond. Incorporate their ideas in implementing changes. Lastly establish a friendly purlieu based on trust and mutual respect.Involve the adolescent by identifying the progress also the failures if any. Use of incentives. Build in incentives that require self-motivation, skill, and leadership. However since not all adolescents have the same capa city the settle with scheme should be tailored according to the different abilities. Discuss in an honest manner, offer advice when take and offer opportunity and space for growth. Adolescents when encouraged and given a good channel of interaction manoeuvre much progress and development both mentally and

Why do police officers, who are meant to abide by the rules, Essay

Why do guard force officers, who are meant to abide by the rules, sometimes bend and break them - Essay ExampleIt is a profession which was believed previously to not possess any sort of malice but it has been found that some unethical conduct does persist in the constabulary force too. This has been witnessed in the police force of fall in Kingdom as a small number of officers take hold been found to commit these unethical behaviours. The police officers in the United Kingdom have been under severe criticism for scandals which took place in 1820s and 1960s. It has been found at legion(predicate) instances that the police force in United Kingdom has been involved in bribery, tampering of evidence, and beating up of subjects. For such a behaviour to be avoided policies such as Police and Criminal Evidence impress 1984 have been enacted in the United Kingdom. The problem with the police department is not limited to the developed dry land of United Kingdom but it also spreads t o the United States. It has been found that unethical behaviour also persists in the police force of United States (Mollen 1994). Most police departments have members who commit corrupt acts from time to time. lone(prenominal) some police departments, however, become corrupt police departments. (Sherman, 1978 pg. 32) Police officers at times break the rules for a gain which might not be personal but would rather be a root word gain. Police officers break rules at instances where they think that they can benefit from the whole situation. A reward for breach rules can also be cited by these police officers as they might show a decriminalize reason to commit that offence. Some of the major problems which are causing the police officers to break the rules in consent to their will are related to their personal gains and power. Discretion macrocosm the foremost factor in determine as to if the police officer would turn out to be corrupt or not. This discretion allows the police offi cers to be the sole authority at particular instances where they can bend and break the laws in the guidance that they like. These are probably done for the better future of the police officers and the resources that they might be provided after being successful in those instances. Discretion of the police officers also gives rise to the question as to what are the goals of policing rattling ? To answer this one can say that the police officer defines his or her goals according to a normal belief in the policing system. It is the seniors of the police officers who leave an impact on the juniors as to how they should handle their authority at some instances. If this authority is handled incorrectly then it leads to decomposition within the department whereas if it is handled correctly then corruption would not prevail (Barker & Carter 1986, Pg. 30-45 Kleiney 1996 Pg. 81-96 ). Another reason for corruption in the police department is the less visibility of the actions of the poli ce officers. Goldstein states that under the best of circumstances, police agencies have several peculiar characteristics that make them especially troublesome to administer. Police officers are spread out in the field, not subject to direct supervision (Goldstein 19906). As the police department is not watched upon by specific authorities many of the police officers can be involved in the practices of corruption. A possible solution to the problem of less visibility is transparency as put forward by many agencies. Police corruption can be stopped if the officers have to be transparent in their dealing and they are being looked upon by authoritative figures. Similarly these police officers are not exposed to the public too as they only have to deal with specific individuals at specific instances. If public has a transparency to the objectives of policing then it is possible that the rates of corruption would be decreased in

War 1812 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

War 1812 - assigning ExampleThe 1812 war had a tour of heroes as well as heroines, whereby the most common being Andrew capital of Mississippi and James Madison. Whereas Madison has recognition due to his role in drafting the Virginia state constitution, Conversely, Andrew Jackson is remembered for the role he reanimateed, whereby alongside Tennessee and Kentucky volunteers, he managed to defeat the British army (Hickey).According to Cantor, the war acted as a watershed moment for the entire states development program. This is because through it US came up with a much stronger demesneal defense system that apart from providing justification for the navy, it also altered the nations attitude, for instance, strengthening of the central governance (Cantor). After the war, US realized that apart from ones physical appearance, professionalism also plays a major role when it comes to military prowess. It is due to this that it established a number of military academies, for instance, Citadel as well as US Coast guard academy. Military academies play a major role in offering skills that one ought to have before going to the battlefield. The sweet system has proved to be quite effective this is due to the numerous times it has been put to test, for instance, when the US went to war with Afghanistan and after years of intensive fighting, it emerged victorious, though it suffered a number of casualties

ECON Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECON - Assignment ExampleAmong some other things, the report admits the influence of high entertain range on other economic determinants such as pompousness and foreign direct investment. It therefore sees the ambition of the European Central Bank to keep its interest rate at record low values as an attempt to redeeming the European parting from further financial crisis, admitting that as it stands now, the eurozone lurches out of recession amid high unemployment and low growth (Steen, 2013). In this psychoanalysis paper, the economic implications of the decision taken by the European Central Bank are further analyse in relation to key arguments made in the report. Influence of reduced interest rate on inflation rate There are some key indicators within the article to suggest that the move interest rates within the eurozone over the years have not necessarily sent inflation levels to the target of the European Central Bank. The writer however generally, opines that using infl ation rates in magisterial and September, which were 1.3 per cent and 1.1 per cent respectively, the intended intervention by the European Central Bank could become a one-stop strategy to achieve low inflation. Clearly, there is an enthusiasm with inflation coming down because once they do it would mean that prices can be expected to be relatively stable, ensuring that consumers have sufficient reserves in their purchasing power. However, the analogy presented in the report cannot be wholly true that reduced interest rates leave forever stabilize or reduce inflation. This is because from the theory of rational expectations, the current hypothesis may only be short lived as investors are likely to start switching to the use of hearty interest rates in the determination of prices as begin to project inflation in the approaching (Bernanke, 2006). External determinants of growth In the article, there is the admission that the eurozone is not independent of itself in the determinati on of factors that will bring general economic relief to its populace and for that matter, investors. This is because reference is made to the US budget stoppage with the assertion that US budget shutdown would represent a risk to the world economy if it were lengthy (Steen, 2013). The implication of this admission is that no single trade and economic region is independent of its self in the regulation of its monetary policies. As much as possible, it is always important to have an eye for what is incident in other sectors and regions of trade and economic activities. This is because the world is now put in a sic where the global economic market is more vibrant in the determination of growth for item-by-item markets than individual markets can determine for the global economic market (Bernanke, 2006). Even within the eurozone alone, the graph below shows that plane though different member states have different interest rates, it is the collection of the differences that consti tute a holistic rate determinant for the larger region. Steen (2013) Impact of excess liquidity on financial fragmentation The ply of real interest rates that was raised earlier is trumpeted in latter parts of the report as the president of the European Central Bank admits that bank liquidity is a challenge for the use of bring down interest rate to being about economic revamping. This is because in his opinion, bank liquidity cannot be predicted utterly on its impact on

Being A Leader Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Being A Leader - Assignment ExampleThe most important aspect of lead in education, in my opinion, is to make sure that those employees that are supervised are comfort up to(p) with the leading hyphen and area able to work at heart it. My Approach to Leadership I desire that my approach to leadership comes closest to participatory because I want employees to involve a say in the decision do process as well as to project an interest in what we are doing. In steer(a) winding school as in any other aspect of education, teachers must have a authority to express themselves and to make sure that they are doing what is necessary to help students progress in their studies. I have sex having teams at work that can come together to share knowledge as well as to design activities so that we are all doing similar things in the classroom. Although we have guidelines that we must meet, we can clam up help students have fun with the curriculum and we can teach in a way that encourages inclusion body rather than exclusion. Kahai, Sosik and Avolio (2006) suggest that participative leaders are able to steer their employees towards dogmatic growth and to strive for closure problems instead of creating more problems. Employees understand that they are part of the solution and tonicity they do not have to carry out the problem on their own. When employees know that they are supported in their opinions, whether they are positive or negative, they are more open to finding solutions, because they are able to have their opinions heard. Kahai, Sosick and Avolio also tell apart that the organizational climate leave alone be more positive because problem solving methods allow a basis for employees to feel that their higher collection needs are met (p. 126) and they will meet the requirements of the task because they feel valued. The Organizations Values James and Connelly (2009) suggest that an organizations culture is difficult to recognize and to predict. They state that an organizations culture will consist of a variety of beliefs, symbols, values and assumptions (391) and it will be dependent on what the individual organization believes is important to run the organization. In a primary school, the organizational climate is as good as the principle that sets the stage for what is needed in their school. In the public school where I work, the organizational climate is one of very positive reinforcement from the principal. The principal sets the leadership for the school and our principal encourages staff to come to them with problems and with other ideas for the school. As a leader within that structure, it is up to me to make sure that I keep in mind what the principal wants and to assist the teachers that I work with in my team to do what is required of us as a team. I believe that my school has strong values and that we put the needs of the students first. I see that there are a variety of ethical considerations that many people within the school have that are important to discuss. more of the initiatives that our school has come from the National Challenge. This challenge states that by this year, 2011, at least 30% of children should be able to gain five or more GCSEs A*-C, including both English and mathematics (Storey, 2011). In order for students to do this, they must have effective leadership in the classroom as well as in the school. The primary school will begin the focus of the national challenge because students must have the skills they need by the time the move to secondary school.

Domestic Violence Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Domestic Violence Abuse - Essay ExampleThis has been the legacy of the Tennessee rectitudes regarding national violence. However, recent decades render witnessed a shift in public aw areness accompanied by a greater sense of responsibility within the law to protect the women, men, and children who become the victims of abuse and a greater willingness of the courts to prosecute the offenders.One of the key areas that Tennessee law has changed in recent years is the ability of the state to interact in prosecution of national violence with or without the cooperation of the victim. According to the Knoxville Tennessee Bar Association, unlike in the past(a) when victims were required to swear out warrants, officers now are being trained to swear out every(prenominal) warrants involving domestic violence themselves (How to Use the Law). If the offender is arrested, the level of the crime will depend upon the egregiousness of the act. In Tennessee close prosecutions for domestic vio lence are prosecuted as Class A misdemeanors that carry a sentence of non more than 1 year (How to Use the Law). In addition to the criminal sentence around offenders are also required to attend a domestic violence intervention program. The victim is also entitle to obtain a Civil Order of Protection that provides an additional layer of legal protection against domestic violence and threats.The recent changes in Tennessee law that have broadened t... While the change was necessary to prevent losing federal official grants, defense lawyer Clay Whittaker believes the fallout from the law change is that the passel with orders of protection against them could end up bearing the burden of court costs in all instances, even if the plaintiffs complaints eventually are set in motion to have no merit (Mercer). This is especially relevant due to other recent changes in Tennessee law that define adults or minors who are dating or who have dated or who have or had sexual relationship as eli gible for domestic protection orders, which could open the doors for abuse of the animated laws in the form of revenge or overreaction (Bohn). These definitions are vague and can include many people who can be subjected to prosecution without any warning or committing any offensive activity.One of the most significant, and widely praised, changes in Tennessee law has been in the provisions and penalties for union rape. US law has traditionally define rape as sexual intercourse with a female not his wife without her consent (Spousal ravish Bill Back). In the last 30 years, states have moved to amend the law to repeal the spousal exclusion from the rape laws. In 1998, the Tennessee spousal exemption was changed to read that a spouse could be aerated only if there was a weapon involved, there was serious bodily injury, or the couple was unconnected or divorced (Echegaray). In 2005, Tennessee amended its law again to eliminate the spousal exemption and do the rape of a spouse as s erious as the rape of a stranger (Echegaray). This was a significant step in recognizing that domestic violence is a serious offense and a grave accent threat to public safety.In

THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING - Term makeup ExampleIn this respect, some of the main constructions that civil engineers deal with include buildings, dams, roads, bridges, shipping canals and airport runways besides to mention a few. History and Major Civil Engineering Projects The history of civil engineering and its termination relative, architecture, can be traced to the construction of the Egyptian pyramids between 2700 and 2500 BC. Other ancient constructions include the Parthenon, the Appian Way, and Chinas great wall. Mordern day contributions of the discipline include the worlds tallest building (Burj Khalifa), the Clifton Suspension Bridge, the Dynamic bulk large and Empire State Building in the US. Training and Qualification Civil engineers normally go by intensive training in order to be equipped with valuable skills and practical knowledge of how to go through various tasks and solve specific problems. Training of civil engineers involves learning of English (langua ge), mathematics, social studies, history, physics, chemistry and mechanical drawing and design. There are different alternative routes that one may follow to achieve formal comprehension as a civil engineer. An individual may take a diploma in the pass over and later proceed to get a degree. Alternatively, one may study for a degree in the field directly.

Next Shop Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

side by side(p) Shop - Assignment Example undermentioned takes a keen-sighted term view while deciding for its actions and ensures that its suppliers stick to the same level of commitment too ( near corporeal Responsibility Report, p.3). It would be worthwhile to get a line the operations of next before we delve into how the company trains and develops its employees to adapt to the market challenges. Understanding succeeding(a)s Business Currently, companies are required to operate in the most challenging purlieu as they need to address complex set of issues for their business, for their customers, the environment in which they operate and the suppliers that they depend upon. Next fully realizes that these aspects cannot be tackled without taking into consideration its people on the job. With average 278,000 transactions done in a day, Next claims to have 3 million active customers with them. With turnover of ?3,441million in the year cease January 2012, Nexts operation are s pread in 7 countries with 26 its own stores and 164 abroad franchise stores in 27 countries operating in Asia, Africa and Europe continents. To cater to the customers efficiently and in time, Next has established warehousing and distribution division. Next depends upon its suppliers to cater to the needs of its customers at the same time, employees form a most crucial and strong link to service its valuable customers (Next Corporate Responsibility Report, p. 5-6). Nexts special emphasis on training and development of its employees should be seen in this perspective. Approach towards its People Next believes in attracting and retaining the right people across all levels considering them a most valuable asset for the process of the company. The company is committed to provide a healthy environment to its employees so that they can thrive in their personal and professional development. Moreover, the company works towards providing an environment where all employees are treated fairly , supported, respected and incite so that they could reach to their full potential. The company has developed certain policies for training and the development of the employees. The company upholds base human rights and follows International Labour Organisation (ILO) core conventions. Employees are imparted basic training so that they understand these principles. The company is well aware that committed employees can help grow the organization by delivering resplendent services to the customers (Next Corporate Responsibility Report, p.16). Code of Practice Next lists key principles that speak about its exercise policies. They are Healthy and safe working conditions reasonable working hours equal opportunities proper wages and benefits no forced labour employment security no child labour proper treatment to employees and exemption of association to employees. Next applies above principles in each of the countries that it operates in and also insists on its suppliers that they als o adhere to these norms (Next Corporate Responsibility Report, p.7). Safe Working Conditions Next gives top priority to the Health and safety of its employees. Next has taken necessary measures to protect their employees from high risk areas such as falls from height, saying and maintenance activities, vehicle movements, fire and many more. Next makes it very clear in its contracts with

Sport Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

gambling Psychology - Essay ExampleThis could turn into a motivating environment and drive better performance, provided the psyche in confident and good in what he or she is doing. However, if the person is not sure of his or her abilities, it could also very well turn out to be an anti-climax as the presence of people would exasperate the level of confidence and eventu altogethery degenerate the performance of the individual.The concept of social facilitation becomes all the much all-important(prenominal) when it comes to sports. Since, every sport in the world has an audience, it is imperative that the athlete should be mentally geared to acquaint the audience. In the highly competitive world of mind games, psychological toughness is of Herculean importance. Confidence is a factor that separates the great from the good and it comes with practice and self-belief. Hence, a good performer can be make to do perform better by introducing motivational factors like cheerleaders.If a person is lacking in skill, it can always be made up through hard work and training. However, if this lag is bring unneurotic with the pressure of performing under an audience, it will only make things worse (Watt & Ramakers, 2003). Hence, such an individual ineluctably to practice alone at first, in the absence of an audience to boost up confidence levels and to bestow faith in his or her own abilities. The next step would be to mentally train and engineer to cope with the pressure of playing in the presence of an audience. A person lacking mental common sense needs to put it a lot of effort to face his or her worst fear which is more often than not, failure. If one can overcome this fear, half the battle is won. This process of mentally tuning up would also involve external as well as internal stimuli. The role of external stimulant drug is commonly played by the coach and self-motivation does the rest of the job. A t-test was conducted to understand this phenomenon of so cial facilitation. A t-test is usually performed to compare and analyse the performance results of two groups. A group of six individuals, comprising of both men and women were asked to accede in an event. The first set of readings was taken with all participants competing alone as individuals. Then, they were made to participate together as a team. The results obtained from this exercise were also tabulated. A rather interesting trend was observed throughout the course of this test. It was observed that all of them took more time to finish the event when they were co-acting. This could be directly inferred from the value of mean and mensuration deviation in both cases. The mean time term the group was co-acting was 231 seconds compared to a mere 98.6 seconds in the case of individual competition. The standard deviation figures too indicated a similar trend. Usually, standard deviation is used to determine the degree of variation. In the case of individual competition, the standa rd deviation was 23.8 and it was 120.6 while the participants were co-acting. This gives a clear indication of social facilitation playing a strong impact on all the individuals present in the group. All the participants performed better when they were competing as individuals. However, their performance was found to deteriorate when they were co

Retail Industry Comparison of China and United States Essay

Retail Industry Comparison of mainland china and United States - Essay ExampleRetailing has advanced with technology and now we have what we call online sell as well. There argon different types of retail outlets. They be sort according to the products they sell and by marketing strategies. There are the types that do not fall in the two and are classified as others. Retailers of products are food products retailers, hard goods retailers and soft goods retailers. Retailers classified by marketing strategies are the most. They include, section stores, discount store, warehouse stores, variety stores, demographic retailers, Mom-And-Pop retailers, specialty stores, boutiques, general store, hypermarkets, supermarkets, malls, Category specialist, e-tailers, and vending machines. Automated retail stores and big box stores fall in the others category (Pradhan & Pradhan, 2009). Retail Industry in China Chinas retail industry is now ranked as the second largest in the world later the ground forces. The chain stores and Chain supermarkets serving the daily needs of the people appeared in china in somewhat a decade ago and they rapidly grew to the extent of being the second largest retail market worldwide. However, on that point is no dominant player in the retail industry despite its rapid maturation, unlike the USA that has dominant players like Wal-Mart and others. Its rapid growth can be owed to the government activity of China in 1992. The government launched a series of policies to promote fast, orderly and healthy growth of the industry. One of the policies was permitting foreign investment in retailing. The government of China, by 1997, had approved about twenty-four foreign-invested stores. Hundreds of foreign-invested retailing, however, had been established before then after pursuance approval from the provincial and municipal authorities (Zhen, 2007). The retailing sector of China is highly come apart fit both medium sized and small retailers. T his is different with the United States that have a dominating aim of big retailers. This is because of the barriers local market access. China does however brag of a wide range of retail formats. Department stores are one of the earliest formats of retail outlets. They were really popular before but they are now facing competition and fighting to stay ahead. Examples of department stores in China are Parkson, capital of Red China Cuiwei, Golden Eagle, and Shenzhen Suibao. Another retail outlet format is the hypermarkets whose development are owed to the international retailers. Wal-Mart, Mart Shanghai, Trust-Mart, Tesco, and intersection point are examples of hypermarkets. Supermarkets are another retail outlet that is facing competition. Domestic players dominate this highly fragmented market. Examples of supermarkets in china are Baijia Supermarket and A-Best Supermarket. Convenience stores are not fully developed retailers but are already facing competition from especially fr om domestic chains. Quick of LianHua is an example of convenience store in China. Specialty stores are retail outlets dominated by domestic players with foreign investment being very limited. Examples are GOME and Suning. Discount stores are still evolving and the first one was introduced in 2003 by Carrefour. Franchising retailing constitutes for round three percent of the total retail market of china with a huge potential for growth in the prospective. Examples are Pizza Hut, MacDonalds, KFC, and 7-eleven. Direct selling is another retailing format of china. Its potential for future growth is large. Examples of direct selling retailers are AMWAY, Avon,

On the Free

On the Free Choice of the go out Es pleadThis book by St Augustine contains humannessy philosophical arguments. St Augustine was a Latin speaking philosopher born in what is now modern day Algeria. He was one of the most prolific philosophers with hundreds of surviving works attri notwithstandinged to him (having survived the going of time). The book On Free choice of the im representative contains may divine references with the central argument concerning indigent will as a gift from god, a gift which operates to mankind becoming evil out-of-pocket their own inherent flaws. Free will is a large theme in the book. I will be critically analyzing Augustines argument that a wit that is in control, one that possesses virtue, mountainnot be do a break ones back to immoderate desire by any subject decent or superior to it, because such a thing would be however, or by anything inferior to it, because such a thing would be as well weak1 . I will be looking at the weaknes ses and strengths of this argument and conclude how convincing his argument is.Augustines first argument about the mind being made a slave to inordinate desire contains many flaws its states Each mind possesses the same degree of excellence and any thing that would attempt such a thing will countenance fallen from justice and be enter weaker 2(originally state by Evodius but Augustine agrees to it) in this he is essentially saying that any mind attempting to enslave another(prenominal) mind to an inordinate desire will have become unjust and in the process weaker nitty-gritty it cannot control the superior mind.The first problem with this argument is the premise that all minds posses the same degree of excellence, this feel is completely wrong as it would be illogical to assume that all human beings ar intellectually equal. The fact that the foundation of the argument is wrong could serve to debase the entire argument as it is a paramount (and erroneous) notion upon which the argument is built. Augustines argument states a Mind cannot be enslaved by something equal or superior to it because that thing would be just 3 Not only does this contestation take down his previous notion that all minds are equal it also contains many faults on its own.Firstly its assumes that a mind that is superior would be just this assumption contains many problems. Firstly it assumes that the smarter you are the more just you would be, this statement is quite the contrary the smarter you are the more likely you are to be able to talk through ones hat and scheme making you unjust, one can only look at politicians to see that the more good for you(p) you are the more susceptible you would be to carrying out unjust acts, so in my intellection this statement can be easily refuted. It is quite logical to assume that the superior mind will be more likely to try and enslave another mind for some purpose or another. genius can only look at the peace among intellectual inferior an imals which do not rend a multitude of nefarious acts in order to further themselves, contrast this with the chaos amongst humans and one can begin to see that the superior mind is truly less just than the inferior mind, humans have pride and ambition which engenders greed and other destructive traits, these are not seen in animals and babies (both of whom have inferior minds) and galvanizes the notion that a superior mind is less just than a weaker one.The next part of his argument that an inferior mind cannot enslave a superior mind because it will be weaker, contains untold more logic than his previous arguments. I would not say this statement is wholly classify but the notion that a weak mind cannot enslave a superior mind is mostly correct in my opinion as it is logical to assume that weak cannot overcome the strong.On the other occur to completely write off a weak minds chances of enslaving a superior mind would be whacky as many other factors are involved in this process including emotions and circumstance, for example if a man with a superior mind is in love with a woman who possesses an inferior mind he could still be enslaved to inordinate desire by virtue of his love for her which will have distort his reason. Hence under some circumstances a weak mind can over come a superior mind yet it would be prudent to assume that a superior mind will always have the upper hand barring external factors.Finally in my opinion there is a huge inherent flaw in the entire argument of Augustine, I count that pride, ambition, gluttony and all other various inordinate desires are inherent in humans in general, I do not believe it is necessary for a mind to sway another into these desires as they already exist within the human being, it is environmental factors which sway a human being into experiencing these inordinate desires not people and as a result I believe that Augustines arguments are essentially flawed.He takes a very idealistic view on humans believi ng them to only purchasable due to other unjust people corrupting them. In truth I believe (unfortunately) that humans are more inclined to feel inordinate desires due to extenuating factors that catalyze their latent emotions that lead to the dire consequences that are engendered by inordinate desires. In conclusion I believe Augustines arguments are mediocre.Their strengths are far and few and hugely outweighed by the flaws In them. His arguments while appearing logical and conceivable contain many imperceptible cracks which can be exploited greatly (and at times can debase his entire argument) in the case of a debate. On the basis of this I would have to say that his arguments are mediocre at best and while they are somewhat convincing a heady man would see through them easily.

Living as a Christian disciple Essay Example for Free

Living as a Christian forethoughter EssayExplain how living as a Christian disciple may influence the lives of Christians today.Christianity is an entire way of life. Its non only a part of your life it is your undivided life. It is a sense of being with God. It is not a one way system, but in feature a two way bond. Being a disciple of God gives you a sense of who you are. You kick in the position of being part of Gods children as well as being a child of your resurrects. This is an unique feeling. A Christian is a person who lives their life daily for God. By praying on a rhythmic basis, reacting positively not negatively with race and being an optimistic person instead than a discouraged one. Christianity focuses a lot on how spate treat others. Christianity desires everyone is equal. Nobody is go against than someone else, correct if they are loadeder. A disciple believes Christ is with you at every hold(predicate) times. To become a Christian you must e xtend and be the better you can be. An example of this would be the story about the Phari adjoin and the tax collector, having the best humanity.To experience into a Christian you need to know the principles. You need to live your life a certain way. That means you might leave to sacrifice a a few(prenominal) things but in the long run you impart be rewarded. Again you must know how to deal with state.Love the Lord your God with tout ensemble your nitty-gritty and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind, and, Love your neighbour as yourself. (Luke 10 vs. 27)A person needs to be willing to give up luxuries in order to gain better things. For instance a Christian must give 10% of their total income to either a church service service building or a charity. But the more essential factor is time. m is more precious than rubies. Time must be taken out of your day to think about God or even the elderly lady next door who lives all alone. Your attitu de towards plurality is very important.Being a Christian affects what career you wish to pursue. Certain professions are considered unethical and therefore are not allowed. A job such(prenominal) as naturaliseing in an abortion clinic, you are taking away a life which has a right to live, which is unjust. Another job which gives people grief is a traffic warden.A Christian has an important berth to play in the family and in the home. There must be dispassionate negotiation and they must always remember that children usually learn from the examples of their parents. So as a parent you must do good things and not bad. You must know how to function in a family.To be a dedicated Christian you are required to visit the church on a perpetual basis and to pray daily. At church Christians have mastication, usually once a week. This is red fuddle and scratching which s also called the Eucharist. The Eucharist is the ceremony in which Christs last meal with his disciples is celebrated with bread and wine, the bread symbolizes Jesus body and the wine Jesus blood. Although some Christians do not believe in going to church for example, Quakers and the Salvation Army. Quakers are Christians who do not have set services or have no ceremonies and do not do repeated rituals. The Salvation Army consider that you should be careful and make sure that ceremonies do not become more important than the meaning of the tactile sensation or faith. Also the Salvation Army do not drink any alcohol as when they first started the group alcohol was a serious problem, therefore they are not allowed to have communion as it involves wine.There are umteen another(prenominal) noble Christians who have acted as excellent role models, in the past and in the present day. Some of these illustrious Christian disciples are Oscar Romero, Mother Teresa, Martin Luther King, Desmond Tutu and umpteen more. I am going to tell you about Desmond Tutu. Desmond Tutu was born in 1931 on the seventh October. He lived in South Africa, a society where coloured people were considered as outcasts, a racist system of apartheid.They had to learn from an early age that their needs were considered less important than the needs of snowy people. They were not allowed to mix with the neat people. For example relentless children could not go to the same inform as a white child and at all times black people had to carry their passbooks to show who they were and if they had a right to be where they were, they also were not allowed to go into cafes or go to beaches and parks. In the street white jurisprudence officers would look them up and down as if they were criminals. It was hard for children to grow up watching parents and role models being humiliated in this way.Desmond Tutu went to an all black school. He worked willing and was therefore intelligent. He was a kind and gentle boy. At the age of 14 Desmond got Tb. He was put in infirmary for 2 years. An English priest called Father Trevor Huddleston visited him every week. Trevor Huddleston had been trying to make the lives of the black people better. He believed apartheid was evil and very unchristian. He opened hostels and nurseries for homeless people o stay in at night. He also defended black people when they were challenged by the police. A life long friendship blossomed between Desmond and Trevor. During his stay in hospital Desmond became more thoughtful and reflective. He had a strong commitment towards Christianity and a spiritual approach to life. Desmond was influenced by humility, gentleness, selflessness from spiritual people like Trevor.After leaving school Desmond decided train as a teacher. He worked as a teacher for a few years but he couldnt stand there and watch his people suffer. He wanted to do something about it. So he left teaching and became a priest. In 1961 Desmond was decreed as a priest. He was given his own parish church and a proper house in an area of slum area housing. It was rewarding work, a satisfying job with people who loved him having him as their priest. In 1962 he was offered to go to London to study for a second degree in theology. When he got there he couldnt believe that he was allowed to walk freely and not have to check for marks where they were not allowed. He wasnt searched by police he didnt have to carry a passbook around with him. He loved it. After 3 years when he returned to South Africa, he found it difficult being a second clear citizen again.From the understanding of the Bible he saw that Christianity stresses that all people are equal and that God wants people to be free. As a Christian he felt it was his responsibility to help black people become equal with white people. Two years later Desmond took a job in England. In 1975 he was given the post of Dean in Johannesburg. If he accepted it then this meant he would have to move back to South Africa. This post had always been held by white men so he wanted to make a change and ac cepted the post. The cathedral had a racially mixed congregation and clergy. Desmond bought in changes to the worship including shaking hands, hugging and kissing your neighbour on the cheek which made many fell more comfortable. In 1978 wealthier black people were starting to be allowed into a few humans places but the community as a whole were kept as second class citizens.In one of Desmonds speeches he dramatically promised to burn his Bible on the day that he was proved legal injury about apartheid being an evil. Another thing Desmond said in one of his speeches was,At home in South Africa I have sometimes said in big meetings where you have black and white together, look at your hands-different colours representing different people. You are the rainbow people of God. And you remember the rainbow in the Bible is the sign of peace. The rainbow is the sign of prosperity. We want peace, prosperity and justice and we can have it when all the people of God, the rainbow people of Go d, work together.In 1984 he was awarded in the Nobel Peace Prize in America. Soon the whole world came to see Desmond as a symbol for the fight against apartheid. In 1986 he was further promoted to Archbishop of Cape Town, the first black man to hold this post. In 1989 F.W De Klerk became president. The ban on ANC and PAC was lifted symbolising freedom for all black South Africans after so many years of suffering.In 1993 exclusive white practice finally ended. The result of the first democratic election was that in 1994, Nelson Mandela became the first black South African president. By 1996 there was a new constitution aimed at creating a full racial equality and harmony.The hardest challenge facing bereaved families was not only to forgive those whom had caused their suffering, but to make sure that clemency was complete and unconditional as with Christian love. This would mean the new South Africa could grow from strong roots, immune by blame and bitterness.I think Desmond Tut u was a good Christian disciple as he helped the black people of South Africa. He bought equality in South Africa which is what God says. He is helping others and spreading the good word of God. He is determined and will not give up when things get tough.Another example of a good Christian disciple is a man called Oscar Romero. He was born in Ciudad Barrios, El Salvador in 1917. He was a Catholic man. He thought the best way to help people would be to serve God as a priest. He a great deal visited prisoners in Gaol and he worked with alcoholics He promoted the activities of Alcohol Anonymous. He set up charities to provide aid for the poor and the hungry. Oscar was a respected man. He spoke for the poor, opposed the government, opposed military and opposed rich families who influenced the politicians behind the scene. He was a determined Christian disciple. Romeros aim in life was too help the poor and hungry and the only way he could help them was by making sure the church get a s ay in government activity. He started at a seminary in San Miguel, in 1930. A few months later he was sent to Rome to complete his theological studies.In 1942 he is ordained as a priest. In 1943 he returns to El Salvador having witnessed early years of the Second World War, in Europe. From 1944 he worked as a parish priest but a few months later he was called by the bishop to work as the secretary of the diocese, a post which he held for twenty-three years. During this time most of his sylvan work focused on the cathedral parish. Between 1962 and 1965 Romero was a largely important priest in the diocese. He was in charge of the local seminary and editor of the diocesan newspaper. In 1967 he was appointed as sanctuary, General of the National Bishops Conference, and he moves to San Salvador. Then in 1968 he takes up an additional role for the, underlying American Bishops Secretariat. In 1968 the council of Medellin is held in Colombia. In 1970 Romero is made auxiliary assistant bi shop in San Salvador. He becomes increasingly aware of the plight of the oppressed and the poor but resists the notion that the church should be too convoluted in politics. In 1974 Romero is made bishop of San Salvador. In 1977 he is made Archbishop of San Salvador. It was dangerous to be a Christian in El Salvador. To speak the Gospel message of Gods love for the poor and suffering of the world was to run a risk persecution.This was a statement the government could not ignore. A person could not claim to be a Christian if he or she ignored the violence against so many in the country or if they ignored the bombings, the illegal detentions, the torture and the callous murders of men, women and children. These murders were seen as a direct attack on the church itself. It was an assault which the Church could not ignore. This is when Romero decided on his course of action. His thinking on religion and politics develops. He sees an increasing need for the church to have a enunciate i n politics and becomes an plainspoken critic of injustice and oppression. On the 24th March 1980 Oscar Romero is assassinated. On the 30th March 1980 the, Palm sunlight Massacre, took place. He had the most powerful and influential voice of the Church and he was the spokesperson for the oppressed.Romero believed that the Gospels did not see a division between religion and everyday life. In a world of venerate and terror, Romeros preaching of the Gospel message of love and justice was a source of hope for the people. One of the famous things Romero said was, May Christs sacrifice give us the courage to offer our own bodies for justice and peace. His last discussion, on the Sunday before his death, was very significant. In it Romero made a special request to those with belief in God and those of Christian faith. It was a sermon which many believe cost him his life. In the sermon Romero said, Nobody has to fulfil an immoral law. Now it is time that you recover your consciences and t hat you first obey your conscience rather than an order to sin. We want the Government to understand seriously that reforms are worth nothing if they are stain with so much blood. I beg, I ask, I order you in the name of God confirmation the repression.A week after the preaching these words Oscar Romero was assassinated. In the days before the funeral crowds of people fill into the city. Visitors arrived from all over the world. Not only the Church leaders but also important politicians from many countries were present. Romero had become a respected political as well as religious leader. Nuns and priests were gathered in a very public hunger strike. In protest at the killing of Romero, they were refusing to eat. This showed how great a person he was. There were as many as a hundred thousand people packed in every available space outside the cathedral, waiting for the funeral service. The solemn funeral service began in a dignified manner. During the sermon everyone listened inten tly to the words of remembrance for Oscar Romero.During his life Romero tried to put such ideals into practice. His religious belief was always a practical matter and his great desire was to see people work together for a better world. Romero shared, with all who would listen a vision of justice in an injustice world. His life and martyrdom are remembered by millions. In a troubled world Romero stay as a sign of hope. Those who killed him may have thought that they would be silencing a powerful voice against injustice in El Salvador. They may have killed the man but the message of justice for all still lives today.

Criminal Investigations Essay Example for Free

wretched Investigations Essay1.The modes of inquiry is divided into 2 distinct categories. One category is archeologist, historian, journalist, epidemiologist, and crook investigator. The second category is scientist in general including artist. Fusing these categories together allows the reconstruction of the past. Methods of inquiry use techniques common to some(prenominal) science and art. During an investigation is it important to figure out what took place before the crime was committed to retort the police a better understanding of where it took place, why it took place, how it took place and all the events that bullock up to the crime. Osterburg, J. W. Ward, R. H. (2010). Criminal investigation, A method for reconstructing the past (6th ed.)2.The optimal mindset of an investigator should be open minded and investigative. It is manifested by going into a scene looking at scene from all angles not by having it in your head it was done one way and there is no other pos sibility. The investigative mindset comes from experiencing it custody on or by practicing. Some people are born with this mindset. An investigative mind gives us the ability to see what a naked eye wouldnt. It also allows us to see narrate others whitethorn not think would be related to the scene. With both mindsets we come in with the questions of who, what, why, when, where?Osterburg, J. W. Ward, R. H. (2010). Criminal investigation, A method for reconstructing the past (6th ed.)3. Scientific method is observing, thinking about and solving problems. Investigators will use these methods throughout the built-in investigation. Once the investigator arrives on scene they will make note of what they see in regards to bullets, tools, impressions, motive, business spatter, and how it compares to other unsolved crimes. The investigator will use observation and thinking about the scene to lead him to solve the crime. These methods will also lead to catching the perpetrator. A reason whitethorn even be drawn to conclude as to the cause of the crime.Osterburg, J. W. Ward, R. H. (2010). Criminal investigation, A method for reconstructing the past (6th ed.)4. The primary sources are used to reconstruct the past and the events leading up to the crime. The sources are records, physical evidence, and people. The people may be victims or eyewitnesses of the crime. The records would be use of stolen credit cards, forged checks, or ransom notes. The physical evidence would be shoe impressions, tool impressions, if barefoot it would be foot impressions, fingerprints, fibers or hair. People can be of apprize as well. They may know a wealth of information as to who committed the crime, the location of the perpetrator. They may be able to lead you to a person of interest. If nothing else the can give you valuable evidence such as a description.Osterburg, J. W. Ward, R. H. (2010). Criminal investigation, A method for reconstructing the past (6th ed.)

Understanding World Happenings in Africa Essay Example for Free

Understanding World Happenings in Africa EssayWhen Paul Theroux visited Africa during the 1960s, many African countries were forming their own government activitys after doing away with colonial rule (An Interview, 2007). Paul taught English to children in Uganda and Malawi during that time. But when he returned to Africa almost forty years later, he was shocked as well as disappointed to set that his wide-cut old school library, which used to be the core of one of the finest schools in East Africa, had no light bulbs and all of its book shelves had been emptied by plunderers (Theroux, 2003). Doing away with colonial rule was non so good for the African countries after all. Rather, according to Paul, African countries after the colonial rule be nourish fargond badly, because of poor leadership, neediness of resources, the colonial hangover, the subversion of conflicting institutions. Moreover, corruption is rampant, and the African governments rely on the poverty of their peoples to get foreign aid. Someone besides the African people seems to be using the foreign aid, however, seeing as the African people remain poor and needy.What is more, countless African people whom Paul encountered during his second transit to Africa, describe that they would like to move knocked out(p) of Africa altogether (An Interview). Paul describes poverty as such a giant problem in Africa that he almost lost his life because of it. In northern Kenya and on the passageway known as Marsabit, some shifta or wandering bandits shot at the travel writer. They do not want your life, bwana. They want your shoes, Paul explained in his book, Dark Star cause Over grease From Cairo to chimneypiece Town (Theroux).Did Paul imagine at the time that he would perhaps have been safe if the land of Africa was still under colonial rule? The law and order situation in the Western human beings the colonialists and the imperialists of yesteryears are definitely seen as safer places on our planet, despite the fact that UNDERSTANDING WORLD HAPPENINGS IN AFRICA pageboy 2 they have their own share of violence to handle.And yet, the law and order situation in some early(a) parts of the initiation cannot be compared to what is happening in the Western world. In the non-Western world, a lot of countries have remained poor and needy even after doing away with the colonial rule. As a matter of fact, the colonialists were pushed out of many nations in hordes close to mid-twentieth century. What did the countries that pushed out the colonialists achieve in the name of freedom? Perhaps and the belief that they are basically separate from others.In actuality, the so-called freedom and independence gained by the African countries, the subcontinent, and other non-Western regions of the world has not be true freedom and independence from heartbreaking problems such as beggary, sickness, and illiteracy (Theroux). While the Western world grew richer through the Internet an d globalization, starting from the latter half of the twentieth century, various non-Western regions of the world remained poor and needy without good use of the Internet and globalization.Even Japan and chinaware continued to believe in economic nationalism without feeling the need to make immense network through globalization. Paul experienced the difference between the Western world and the non-Western world during his second trip to Africa especially through the word, safari. According to the writer, safari is a Swahili world which essentially means incommunicado or being completely out of touch. So, if anybody (like Paul) wants to spend time in a place where there are not many (if any) Internet cafes or means to access mobile phones he or she must be visiting Africa to get away from it all (Theroux).Technology has not made its way into African countries in a big way. Without technology, the African nations have undoubtedly stayed behind UNDERSTANDING WORLD HAPPENINGS IN AFR ICA Page 3 the Western world in terms of their economies and living standards. They have not been adapted to encounter progress along with the Western nations that are technologically go. Thus, the African countries like many other technologically backward nations in the non-Western world have failed to develop.These countries are dependent on the Western world for aid. What is more, although the majority of people of such nations have undeveloped minds because of lack of education, the countries as a whole have shown great arrogance in terms of shunning colonial rule and its likes. In Hong Kong, the British government stayed in power almost until the end of the twentieth century. Today, Hong Kong is very advanced. But Africa and the subcontinent are not advanced at all, the reason being that they pushed out the colonialists before the latter could work wonders for the nations they had probably come to contract for a good reason.America, too, had pushed out colonialists before the African and Asian countries followed. However, America was backed by other Western power at the time of its independence. Hence, its history cannot be compared to the history of the non-Western world. The fact, therefore, remains Our world has been shared out even after the world wars, and would not easily allow developed countries to take over develop ones in order to solve the problems of the latter.When and if the developed countries do take over, they must encounter hatred and distrust, which finally pushes them away and out of the undeveloped nations for good.References1. An Interview with Paul Theroux. (2007). Book Browse. Retrieved from http//www. bookbrowse. com/author_interviews/full/index. cfm? author_number=886. (11 April 2007). 2. Theroux, Paul. (2003). Dark Star Safari Overland From Cairo to Cape Town. Boston Houghton Miffin, 2003.

Outline the processes of evolution Essay Example for Free

strategy the processes of ontogenesis EssayOutline the processes of evolution and explain how theory of head is an adaptation resulting from the selective forces that realize operated during evolution. evolutionary psychologists endeavour to understand how animal and human behaviour evolved and the adaptive affaires that these behaviours would fall in had over time. They suppose on ultimate explanations and look for the reasons why such phenomena exist and how this helps to ensure that our genes (the structures containing DNA sequences) are passed to early generations through the process of intimate reproduction. Evolutionary psychology is concerned with identifying which behaviours and psychological traits are adaptive and the function which the latter fulfil. Evolutionary psychologists do not, in that locationfore, look for causal explanations regarding behaviour, but are concerned instead with operating(a) explanations. By researching evolved characteristics and abil ities they try to uncover within the processes of evolution how the human hear works, and ultimately how societies function.They conclude that our live physiology and psychology still demonstrate a decisive interplay between adaptations and environments on an evolutionary timescale (Clegg, 2007 pp. 161-2). The theory of evolution is in the most part derived from the work of Charles Darwin (1809-1892). Following many years of painstaking research, most notably surrounding his study of species of the Galapagos Islands, he arrived at the theory that species have gradually evolved from common ancestors.He researched the feasible processes through which evolutionary change could have findred and argued that there is a strong relationship between genes and environment, whereby genes that render for traits most suited to dealing with changes in the environment will be selected for. Darwin recognized how important sexual reproduction (where genes are passed to the next generation) is f or creating variation, and that inherited characteristics and genetic variation are open to random changes.However, the forces of innate(p) selection have effect on these changes enabling the mechanisms that ensure the organism is come apart able to hold within their environment are selected for, and consequently more believably to be passed onto the next generation. The processes of selection occur over extremely long periods of time. Hominoids (the family containing primates) evolved around 22 to 31 million years ago, with humans appearance very recently on the evolutionary timescale somewhere between 150,000-200,000 years ago.We should note also that since it is the genes that deport over time, selection refers not to the survival of the individual or indeed of the species, but to the survival of the genes. Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins noted that People act as vehicles to contain the genes, and these are passed on when they reproduce (as cited in Clegg 2007, p 1 21). Humans, being highly amicable creatures, require psychological mechanisms that enable them to successfully interact within the social environment.For example, being able to guess what another person is thinking in tell apart to predict how they might behave, or understanding others behaviour so as to be responsive to their feelings, or even being capable of deceit are all highly useful abilities for social fundamental interaction. In an evolutionary context, these social skills and empathy with others would have greatly improved an individuals survival chances and/or productive success, ultimately change magnitude the chances of his genes passing onto the next generation. Such traits would have been a positive asset to the species as a whole.As psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen explained by being able to predict one anothers behaviour, two individuals can work together more effectively thereby improving survival chances (As cited in Clegg 2007, p. 133). Our ancestors who posse ssed such characteristics would have had a great advantage over those who did not. Thus in accordance with Darwins theory these abilities, over time, would have been selected for. The cogency to predict and explain the actions both of oneself and of others, and the ability to mentally put oneself in the place of another is cognise as theory of object.It is associated with the ability to manipulate and influence others within a social context both in a positive and in a negative way. These abilities are essential in gaining social status and resources, forming alliances and obtaining sexual partners. Ultimately, they are greatly significant in the role they play in reproductive success and our continued survival as a species. guess of mind interests evolutionary psychologists because it is fundamentally germane(predicate) to modern human behaviour.Psychologists are particularly concerned with its evolution and its role, hence much research has been carried stunned involving chi ldren, those diagnosed as autistic, and non-human primates in order to develop upon hypotheses. Evidence collected from research involving these groups has led psychologists to better understand theory of mind and its functions. A large amount of studies on the aforementioned three groups make testing deception and false beliefs using a version of the Maxi test devised by Wimmer and Perner (1983).However, there are more modern experiments which have revealed evidence of theory of mind in children as young as 2 years old. Further evidence in the form of archaeological findings, such as signs of burial rituals and evidence of art production has been uncovered. The ability to create imaginary images or the notion of an hereafter would suggest that our ancestors were able to conceptualize the thoughts and beliefs of others. Research evidence from experiments carried out involving children from many different societies and cultures shows that theory of mind is universal, and consequent ly indicates that it may be an evolved adaptation.Much of the research suggests that it may have evolved because it effected human interaction within social environments which would have benefited humans and their offspring. Those who displayed a strong theory of mind are likely to have improved their chances of survival by increasing their social status, or they may have utilize deception, or plan ahead to their advantage in order to gain more resources. They may have been able to negotiate dangerous situations by predicting others behaviour, or those with a highly developed theory of mind may have had more success regarding sexual reproduction.We can say then that theory of mind is an intrinsic element of our humanness, with evidence suggesting that its adaptive function is a result of the selective forces of evolution. It is all more or less enhancing social relationships a perspective that is supported by a number of researchers (Baron-Cohen, 1999 Byrne and Whiten, 1997 Dunbar , 2003) (As cited in Clegg 2007, p. 138). Theory of mind as a psychological mechanism has been a highly influential factor to the developmental progress of the human race, and unequivocally instrumental to the success of the species.

Rogers Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Rogers deep brown undertakeIntroduction R gerss coffee beans is Canadas oldest coffee berrys company that was formed in 1885 in Victoria, British capital of South Carolina by Charles Rogers. The company redundantized in producing different varieties of ward winning hand-wrapped, naughty- whole step chocolate brands as tumesce as aid novelty ice cream which it sold with its retail outlets, exchanges through wholesale deliin truth, online/phone sales, and through Sams Deli restaurant in British Columbia.The address of the face is to double or triple the size of it of the company within 10 historic period (Zietsma, 2007) Rogers purport mart is both end dors and consumers who profane chocolates to indulge themselves or to give as a gift. Rogers orient buyers atomic number 18 in the buff and existing chocolate buyers that love quality chocolates. Demographics tend to be mainly women ages 25-55 years old with middle to high household income of $50,000 upward. They generally wipe out college education and atomic number 18 professionals, white-collar workers, managers, or owners. The majority will be frequent travelers on cruise ships and Internet users.In mark to rise up a succeederful growth plan for the Rogers Chocolates, it is very central to get an integrated understanding of the international and internal environment effecting the chocolate persistence in whole and Rogers Chocolate in particular. An organizations external environment re reconciles the opportunities and threats while commissioning three major atomic number 18as that include general, industry and competitor environment. The firms understanding of the external environment is matched with its knowledge about the internal environment (resources, capabilities, core competencies, organization, management etc.) in state to develop a strategic growth plan that will bring competitive advantage and above-average returns. outdoor(a) Analysis P. E. S. T Analysis Political /Legal * Legal issues regarding child moil in coffee farawayms. * African countries are more than affected by child labour. * Large manufacturers are seeking a redefinition of the term chocolate under USFDA guidelines so that they can produce cheaper version of the product and palliate make it chocolate. Economic * Falling growth rate in the chocolate industry due to economical computes.* delinquent to seasonal vulnerability of the product, it is hard to manage inventory resulting in higher costs for wasted material. * higher(prenominal) cleaning and maintenance costs for the equipment for titanic producers. * Sociocultural * Increasing trend towards healthier diet, organic food, moo-trans blubber and no-sugar chocolate. * More motivation for dark chocolate due to its heart-healthier anti-oxidant properties. * Consumers and employees stressing on more corporate social responsibility. * forgiving rights concerns on forced labour in West Africa. * Environmental concerns influencing pack ripening, procurement and operational decisions.Technology * less(prenominal) focus of private and government supported RD expenditures. * Farmers are less efficient in growing cocoa beans because of lack of proper knowledge, education and training. Industry Analysis Even though there had been a in small stages decline in the growth of chocolate industry as a whole, there is still hazard in the premium chocolate sector of this industry, which is growing at 20% annually. The Canadian market size for chocolates was US$167 million in 2006 and it was projected to grow at 2% annually.The change in demographics with aging baby boomers and their emphasis on brand and quality has given an opportunity to traditional chocolate manufacturers the likes of Hersheys and Cadburys to shift their focus on the employment of premium quality chocolates. Rogers Company is confront with many factors that are directly influencing the company, its competitive actions and competitive r esponses in the overall industry. The Five Forces of Competition Model Michael ushers five forces of contestation is an analytical tool that can be for Rogers Chocolate to measure the saturation of the industry emulation and an industrys profit potential.Threat of New Entrants Hersheys and Cadburys are despicable towards the premium chocolate market through the acquisition or upmarket launches (Zietsma, 2007). The profit potential present in this sector supported by its 20% annual growth rate make it very attractive for large organizations to come forward and avail this opportunity. in that location is a low threat of new entrants prevailing in this chocolate industry because of the high capital requirements and expected retaliation by on-going manufacturers.Current players in the industry to a fault possess whatever barriers to entry for new entrants by maintaining economies of scales with their large mathematical product capacity and keeping their product differentiation with their specialized and novelty chocolate products. Even though there are low switching costs and easy access to distribution channels, but still the brand loyalty of the clients including the Rogers Chocolate itself make it harder for new firms to come into the competition. Bargaining Power of SuppliersThere is a high bargaining position of suppliers because of the need of the key ingredients required for chocolate manufacturing and limited number of suppliers for this industry. Since cocoa trees require tropical climate, it forces the main producers in the west to import them from countries in West Africa or new(prenominal) hot places where suppliers are dominated by few large companies The chocolate and cocoa industry relies on suppliers to deliver high quality products that meet food regulations and consumer taste tests. If the suppliers product is not available or does not meet the quality expected, the industry will suffer greatly.This dependency on the suppliers product and the absence seizure of replenishment products increases the suppliers bargaining force. Bargaining Power of Buyers Even though there are no shift products for the manufacturing of chocolate, the buyer classs are still powerful because they purchase a large portion of the industrys total output. Since there are many wholesale buyers of cocoa beans for the manufacturing and selling of the chocolate, it increases the bargaining power of the buyers that forces suppliers to inflict their prices or increase their product quality.An some different condition that affects the power of buyers is product differentiation. If the product is undifferentiated, the buyer has the power to play competitors against distributively other and reduce the cost. The chocolate and cocoa industry has a differentiated product, which reduces the power of buyers. The industry has several large players that cook brand identification and customer loyalty, which makes it hard for buyers not to use a par ticular supplier. Threat of Substitute Products Majority of the chocolate sales occur during the Christmas season and multitude buy chocolates to give as Christmas gifts or during the Valentines Day or Halloween.Other types of gifts during these occasions are considered as substitute products that may include flowers, jewellery, stuffed toys etc. legion(predicate) people consider chocolate as unhealthy while some people can use other flavours such as lemon, vanilla, earthnut butter or mint instead of chocolate that brings a low to moderate threat of substitute products to replace chocolate. Intensity of Rivalry Among Competitors The presence of a many and equally balanced chocolate producers increases the emulation among the competitors by permitting vigorous actions and responses by the competitors.With the slow industry growth, chocolate industry for instance, markets become more strong as companies battle to increase their market shares by attracting competitors customers. I t results in more price wars, marketing and advertizing battles between the competitors. Another factor that intensifies the competition and rivalry among competitors is the high storage and fixed costs that pushes chocolate producers to maximize their production capacity. In order to sell this bare capacity, organizations give purchase rebates and other special discounts to customers that increases the competition.Standardization and differentiation along with low switching costs in chocolate industry overly fuels competition. Competitor Analysis Competition in the chocolate industry in Canada is led by some regional brands along with a few larger producers. Major players in the market include Godiva (Nestle), Bernard Callebaut, Lindt, Purdy and a few local premium chocolate companies like Laura Secord and Rocky Mountain Chocolate Company. There are many factors influencing the competition in this industry that include variations in the price points and quality of different premi um chocolate product lines.Each individual company has its own unique technique to boost itself from its competitors. Many companies have their own fancy packaging styles for their products delivery that target different customers helping them in getting above average returns. Widespread distribution of products and attractive presentation and displays are some other potent tools that are adapted by many companies in this business offering them good returns on their investment. A company with good and intense marketing and advertising along with widespread geographical location gains more market share compared to the one that is limited to a certain area.Some companies have focused more on their mall outlets while some have taken spots in different phaeton attractions. For some companies, retail sales are more promising than wholesale strategy, which shows that selling strategy plays an important part in the success of a company. Even though all forces stated above hastens competi tion among these chocolate companies, product quality surface to have least impact on extent of competition (Zietsma, 2007). Attractiveness and profitability of chocolate products is determined by how the product is moulded, coloured, and packed (Ellis, M.et al, 2007).Key Success calculate Analysis Numerous factors that can add up to the successes of Rogers Chocolate are as follows Understanding and red-blooded Consumer Needs Part of the external analysis is to scan, monitor, forecast and assess the timing and importance of environmental changes and trends. In order for Rogers Chocolate to get strategic competitiveness, its very important that it understands the trends in the chocolate industry that are moving towards premium chocolate with high-quality and high-taste matched with classy packaging, beautiful retail experience and fair pricing.Rogers Chocolate already has award-winning reputation with its friendly customer service, pretty theme in its retail outlets with images and aromas. Customers buy premium chocolates for special events or for corporate gifts, so its very important that special focus is put on their attractive and unique packaging. Rogers Chocolate has it all. Rogers Chocolate needs to focus on the sale of its wholesale orders that constitute 30% of the total sales but it has been declining gradually due to inclination of the buyers towards other cheaper brands.It needs to reconsider its pricing strategy, marketing and relations with these customers. Extensive marketing in order make better brand awareness Regardless of Rogers Chocolate being the dominant player in the chocolate industry, it single occupies 7% share in the $167 million market. Premium chocolate is a growing sector with high profit potential and Rogers Chocolate has the ability to avail this opportunity if it extends its marketing strategy in order to grow in the near future. Pricing Strategy Price of chocolate product also affects success of producing firm.Companys Pric e of the product determines consumption rate of the product. Whether price is regulated by the organization itself or state-based decision, it affects demand of the product. Demand and price of any product are inversely related. Low market demand implies low net sales, which makes success of the company to be uncertain. Another aspect of price factor is in determination of production cost. Lower prices than other producers of the same type of commodity make production cost expensive. On the other hand, high price reduces market demand of any product.In a case where different companies sell similar product at different prices, companies using extreme prices are at risk of failing Geographical Distribution It is very important for the success of the company to have a widespread geographical distribution of its products. A company with many locations is more likely to have its customers familiarized with its products and image. Brand loyalty increases when customers know that their pre ferred brand is located not too far from them. Product Diversification Product diversification is applied in cases where stiff competition exists in the market. quite of maintaining production of only one type of chocolate product, modification in shape, color, and different composition ensures go on success of a company. Internal Analysis Strengths * Well-established and reputable Brand * Experienced Management Team * bountiful history and tradition in Canada * Award winning recognition * Revenues * Loyal customers * Devoted Employees and Passionate Employees * timberland products hand wrapped Weaknesses * Production process not efficient and no measuring capabilities * Demand anticipation difficult due to seasonality of sales * Managements and Employees resistance to change.* Management team conflicts * package * Lack of brand image and customer awareness * Cost of setting up and cleaning equipment * inscription Management Out of Stock and Over stock production planning issues * Decrease in wholesale * Online Sales only 4% Opportunities * Growth in European and Asian markets * Retail and Online expansion * increase production capacity * Trends and shifts in consumer confectionary market * Kiosks in airports * Organic trade line Threats * Economy and demand fluctuations * Competitors * Decreased number of tourists.* Environmental concerns and human rights concerns expressed by some consumers * USFDA guidelines for redefining chocolate Rogers Chocolate has 24,000 sq. ft. production facility with 110 non-unionized retail and production employees. 75 employees work in retail while 35 in the production. Hand making and hand packing made the chocolate production very labour intensive while big portion of the costs were that of set-up time and cleaning time for the equipment during the batch processing. There are no means of measuring the productivity and efficiency in the plant.Another issue faced by the Rogers Chocolate is its inability to forecast th e demand and hence the production of its products due to the seasonality of the sales. This problem is dealt with excess production to deal with the out-of-stocks during the peak seasons. The delays in the import of art tins for assortment from China also get to the schedule off for the next product in production line. Rogers Chocolate has a very low turnover rate because of its historic heritage of 120 years and strong family values. Some workers were third-generation Rogers employees with strong loyalty and passion for the company.However, it created a problem for the company because employees were resistant to any change in the company. Rogers Chocolate was also involved in the local community service by employing people with disability and a group of brain-damaged individuals. The organization had a very good and friendly corporate culture where people respected each other on first-name basis. Compensation packages offered to the employees were also very competitive in order t o retain the experient employees. Rogers Chocolate has the potential of growth with its present resources.The company has a well-managed and competent workforce, which is the driving force for the complete organization. The board of directors consist of educated and experienced people who have good know-how of the industry. The production facility and other tangible and non tangible assets permit Rogers to come forward to lead the industry. It has all the right business tools that are required by an organization in order to succeed. Rogers has access to the main markets of the country that include its retail outlets, wholesale sales and online sales.All these resources and its ability in making premium chocolate with high quality and high taste make it a potential threat to its competitors. If utilized properly, these resources and capabilities can allow Rogers Chocolate to formulate a strategy to earn above average returns. Recommendations * sharpen on strengthening certain ret ail operations than wholesale. * Rogers good corporate social practices will also focus on human rights (labour laws), packaging, procurement and operational decisions. * Increase brand awareness to capture more market share. * Focus growing the retail business into new geographic markets.* Continue to grow complementary business lines (i. e. deoxyephedrine Cream) * Develop core competence in operations management to drive efficiencies and reduce inventories. * Upgrade engineering in production to increase capacity * Create new product lines and packaging to broaden the customer base. * Franchise Sams Deli. It has large amount in administration expenses. * Franchise retail chocolate stores. * Offer promotions on special events like Christmas, Fathers Day, Mothers Day, and Valentines Day etc. * grasp existing customers happy with special discounts and customer loyalty programs.

Project Implementation Plan Essay Example for Free

find out Implementation Plan EssayIn a encounter the communication level is a very important part from the beginning to the decision of vomit up close out and completion stage. This method in the plan is extremely necessary and it is a needed tool that servicings assist the get wind team, the stakeholders, and the executive team of Enterprise. This tool is effective and it raises sure each members involved with the toil is on the equal level of understanding, it makes sure tout ensemble involved stays modifyd on the ensure, knows what is going on in the project, and it religious services restrict the project affirmation in concert. One of the primary jobs of a project manager is to manage the trade-offs among quantify, cost, and exploit (Gray Larson, 2006, p. 103). A project manager must ensure that he keeps everybody inform about the latest development of the project thereby gives sense of belonging to every member of the project team as sound as the confer rer or customer. Within this project, the communication plan is the severalise element that is designed to help assist the project team, stakeholders, and the executive team aw ar of any progress, and to help keep up with the status of the progress in the process.The plan of communication design help keep all(a) members of the project aware of the progress and the status of the project, it helps everyone stay informed and connected in the project, and it gives study regarding any matters of urgency that are crucial deep down the project progress. The purpose of thiscommunication plan is to make sure all key aspects and elements of the communication strategy are documented and implemented successfully in the project. The strategies implemented include frequency, method of delivery, recipients, and owner. The frequency in this communication plan entails plan concourses and how often they are being archived, it explains the project progress and all important information needed t o help assist with the project deliverables which helps keep all the members aware of everything needed to meet the objectives of the project while keeping everyone on the same level of understanding.The team go out have conflict on the status and progress of the project deliverables scheduled throughout the project as needed. Method of delivery is the avenue in which the reports or minutes of all the confluences will be disseminating to all the participants. The method adopts for the purpose of this project is through email, in person, and paper copy. The recipients in this project are project team, enterprise executive and potential stakeholders in the project outcomes. These are the populate that directly are involved in carrying out activities in this project. The format is in regards to the style take to see the communication being effective as the project progresses. These are important elements needed to help achieve the project objectives and deliverables which keep all members connected, informed, and constantly communicating.The training, development, and boilers suit retention and selection practices helps manage challenges (McNamara, 2011). The transmission channel of communication for the purpose of this project will be formal in nature. No informal meeting will be allow or reckon with, all information must be well documented with proper credit entrys. Verbal and written communication is needed in as much it does bond with the communication plan designed for this project. It is essential to the elements of the project success that all stakeholders involved have to go on the rules as contains in this communication plan because this will help track any issues as regards the scope, schedule and cost of this project. The project manager is in charge of clarifying any elements in this communication plan, and all concerns need to be addressed to the project manager.PROGRESS clashing AGENDAIntroductionReview meeting timesProject progress modif yContingency modificationRequest for informationScope performanceBudget performanceProject ScheduleOwner items abutting meeting datePROGRESS MEETING AGENDAMeeting agenda are guidelines that help modify and keep focuses of the issues to be discussed. The elements are tools that preserve down everything that needs to be achieved after a meeting. In the case of this project, many items have been determine and pencil down for this purpose of this meeting. They are introduction, review of last meeting minutes, project progress update, hap modification, request for information, contractor update about scope performance, budget performance, and project schedule, also identified are owner items, and next meeting date. Introduction gives every participant in the meeting the ability to ascertain people who they are, what they are doing and their contribution or job function as related to the on-going project. This process brings everyone together on the same page and it helps members get to know one another and form an effective on the job(p) relationship. Review last meeting minutes is an important element in this process that explains all the activities of antecedent meeting if there is any out loud so that everyone clearly hears and knows what is going on in the project.This allows all members to know what has been said, what needs to be done, and it helps to go over everything about the agenda of the day. Progress update is the most important aspect of this process. All the major stake holders furnish the house with comprehensive update of what happen to the project since last meeting. This must cover the areas of what was identified in the previous progress meeting as well which helps keep all members of the project on the same level of understanding what has happened, is happening, and will happen in the next meeting. Contingency modification is when things happen unexpectedly during the activities of the project needs to issue for. This should bring attent ion to the house if there is anycontingency or not, and if there is any, what is the solution position in place to address this contingency.Request for information is where information that needs immediate attention of project team is discussed. The information here could be result of specifics action that was previously talked about in the past meetings. Contractor update is when the contractor gives detail reports of the project or major portion of the project to the sponsor or customer. The parameter that the report of contractor will focus on must include project scope performance, project budget performance and project schedule. Owner items explain what the owner has observed within the project. He or she explains whether or not the project is going as scheduled?Is the project gloss over running within the budget and are specifications being met? This is a means that the owner talks extensively about what he or she has observed and what changes he or she wants to see before the next meeting. Next meeting date is where the current meeting is adjourned and the next progress meeting date is announce to everybody. The date, the time and the venue of the meeting will be known to everybody. The next meeting helps prepare all members for the hereafter meetings and the aspects of these meetings that are important and essential to the success of the project.PROJECT CHARTER PURPOSEThe project charter defines the scope, objectives, and overall approach for the work to be completed. It is a critical element for initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and assessing the project. It should be the single point of reference on the project for project goals and objectives, scope, organization, estimates, work plan, and budget. In addition, it serves as a contract between the Project Team and the Project Sponsors, stating what will be delivered according to the budget, time constraints, risks, resources, and standards agreed upon for the project.