Class mobility

Classes have been studied under five secernateifications and similarly castes have classified under eight categories and both(prenominal) are friendlyly viable. Absolute mobility has been used to oeuvre intergenerational social mobility and after allowing for structural changes, relative mobility has been analyzed by using odds ratio. Finally to study the effect of castes/community on social mobility logistic regression have been used with access to salariat class destination as dependent variable and class origins and castes as independent variables.To look t the trends over time, five year birth age bracket data have been used with focus on fathers argu manpowertation to avoid any shock of life-cycle process. Since India has gone through various social economic changes over years, like a capitalist country it is expected to bring about more open with greater equality of opportunities after liberalization of post 1980s. Therefore, equality of opportunity should rise along with a rise in implicit mobility. Discussion to patterns of intergenerational mobility of men and women is limited only to paid employment.Paper pointed out that proportion of Indian labour in trade, manufacture and services has risen but the largest hands participation still remains in agriculture. There has been an increasing room at the top and agricultural workers and farmers participation has declined over time. More women as compared to men remain in agricultural occupations. Also, the occupational change has been there prior to liberalization. Therefore, we do not see any impact of modernization in the ever-changing occupational patterns.Crosstabs of NES data between classes of father and respondent clearly shows a stable intergenerational society for both men and women. A trend analysis of sacrosanct mobility shows decreasing upward mobility and increasing downward mobility as opposed to our hypothesis. Trends in inequality of opportunity calculated by using odds ratio and i ndeed by log linear model (appropriate way to test for increasing fluidity) shows a clear pattern of increasing inequality of opportunity both in agriculture and informal sector but grater in farming sector.A higher(prenominal) odds ratio of armer salariat than manual salariat ratio points out some sectoral barriers in admittance to class barriers. Also, the movement between farming and salariat Jobs is harder for women. Overall there has been little demonstrable increase in equality of opportunity in Indian society. When the impact of castes was analysed is was seen that by using the logit regression and recoding castes in eight distinctive categories no clear trend could be observed for both men and women. quite the fathers class nas been a strong determining tactor tor access to salaried class destinations.Surprisingly India which is a caste found society and policies of reservation are also based on castes, it is the class which determines the upward social mobility. Caste re servation does not seen to have benefitted the SCS and STs as might have been hoped. CRITIC The paper in the set about explained various modernization theses and asking research questions based on demand and supply side issues. It was said that we explore these various possibilities in remainder of the chapter. besides the whole focus was concentrated only on class and lastly caste analyses.Competitive market, formalized recruitment procedure and equality of condition were not bodied as results of modernization as per my understanding. I am not aware though if such a method is possible. Secondly, not undertaking the marital social mobility of women has been considered a limitation in the study but since the paper looks at the social mobility in terms of access to salarit Jobs, marriage of a women to a higher class individual than her father does indicate a net upward social mobility of her living tandard but not her chances of getting a better Job.Even if this furrow doent sound s good then a social mobility through marriage is not in any case an indicator of modernization of society. Lastly, in the birth cohort method, one has to self calculated roughly where exactly the period of liberalization has been shown on the table or graph. Since our focus is on modernization, had there been a reboot of period of liberalization along the birth years it would have been easy to anlyze the changes before and after the liberalization.